Diversity, Distribution and Conservation Status of Quercus Species in the Kailash Sacred Landscape Part of Indian Himalaya

At present wildlife are facing many acute threats, Human–Wildlife Conflict (HWC) is one of the most prevailing day-to-day issue and is receiving international attention among Conservation Biologists. This study emphasize on the extent of HWC in Banepa-2 of Kavrepalanchok District of Nepal. Data were collected through Reconnaissance survey, HHs, KII, FGD, and various secondary sources. A semi structured questionnaire survey was randomly administered to 98 households with KII & FGD. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 26), MS-Excel, Chi-square test, Friedman Ranking Test was used to analyze the data. The most problematic animal was Wild Boar followed by Porcupine, Leopard, and Monkey. Major problems due to wild animals ranked by respondents were crop damage, followed by livestock depredation and least was human injuries. Average annual crop damage per HH was accounted to NRs.12576.53 of which Zea mays L., (35.78%), Brassica campestris L. var. rapa (L.) Hartm. (34.48%), Solanum tuberosum (L.) (9.74%), Pisum sativum (L.) (7.14%), Glycine max (L.) Merr. (6.89%), Tiiticum aestivum (L.) (4.54%), and Oryza sativa (L.) (1.42%) respectively were the major crops raided in the study area. The people's perception on wildlife conservation was based on socioeconomic variables i.e. education (Pearson X2=10.363, df =4, p =0.035) and occupation (Pearson X2= 5.188, df = 1, p =0.023) were significantly associated at p value <0.05. Also, health, education, employment opportunities, compensation, conservation, resettlement, etc. should be considered to mitigate HWC. During harvest season it is seen that wild animals raided the crops on daily basis mostly at night. So, shouting and following, shouting, following and throwing stones and regular watching on shift basis were the most effective measures perceived by the respondents to minimize crop raid, livestock depredation and human injuries. Production of non palatable species, crop diversification, improved cattle sheds, stall feeding of cattle are highly recommended in the study area.

@article{poonam2026,
  author  = {Poonam Mehta1, Balwant Kumar*2 and Kapil Bisht1},
  title   = {{Diversity, Distribution and Conservation Status of Quercus Species in the Kailash Sacred Landscape Part of Indian Himalaya}},
  journal = {Journal of Bioresearch},
  year    = {2026},
  volume  = {1},
  number  = {2},
  doi     = {https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/EY3BH},
}